Operators in C

C Operators – Complete Guide

1. Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators perform basic mathematical calculations.

Operator	Name	Description	Example
+	Addition	Adds two values	x + y
-	Subtraction	Subtracts one value from another	x - y
*	Multiplication	Multiplies two values	x * y
/	Division	Divides one value by another	x / y
%	Modulus	Remainder of division	x % y
++	Increment	Increases variable by 1 (Pre/Post)	++x / x++
--	Decrement	Decreases variable by 1 (Pre/Post)	--x / x--

Example:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int x = 10, y = 3;

    printf("Addition: %d\n", x + y);
    printf("Subtraction: %d\n", x - y);
    printf("Multiplication: %d\n", x * y);
    printf("Division: %d\n", x / y);  // Integer division
    printf("Modulus: %d\n", x % y);

    x++; // Increment
    printf("Incremented x: %d\n", x);

    y--; // Decrement
    printf("Decremented y: %d\n", y);

    return 0;
}

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2. Assignment & Augmented Assignment Operators

Used to assign values to variables. Augmented assignment combines assignment with an operation.

Operator	Example	Equivalent To	Description
=	x = 5	x = 5	Assigns value
+=	x += 3	x = x + 3	Adds and assigns
-=	x -= 3	x = x - 3	Subtracts and assigns
*=	x *= 3	x = x * 3	Multiplies and assigns
/=	x /= 3	x = x / 3	Divides and assigns
%=	x %= 3	x = x % 3	Modulus and assigns
&=	x &= 3	x = x & 3	Bitwise AND and assigns
\|=	x \|= 3	x = x \| 3	Bitwise OR and assigns
^=	x ^= 3	x = x ^ 3	Bitwise XOR and assigns
>>=	x >>= 3	x = x >> 3	Right shift and assign
<<=	x <<= 3	x = x << 3	Left shift and assign

Example:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int x = 10;
    x += 5; // x = x + 5
    printf("Updated x: %d\n", x); // Output: 15
    return 0;
}

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3. Comparison Operators

Compare two values and return 1 (true) or 0 (false).

Operator	Name	Example	Description
==	Equal to	x == y	True if equal
!=	Not equal	x != y	True if not equal
>	Greater than	x > y	True if left is greater
<	Less than	x < y	True if left is less
>=	Greater or equal to	x >= y	True if greater or equal
<=	Less or equal to	x <= y	True if less or equal

Example:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int x = 5, y = 3;
    printf("x > y: %d\n", x > y); // 1 (true)
    printf("x < y: %d\n", x < y); // 0 (false)
    return 0;
}

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4. Logical Operators

Used to combine conditions.

Operator	Name	Example	Description
&&	AND	x < 5 && y > 2	True if both conditions are true
\|\|	OR	x < 5 \|\| y > 5	True if at least one condition is true
!	NOT	!(x == y)	Reverses the result

Example:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int x = 4, y = 6;

    printf("(x < 5 && y > 5): %d\n", (x < 5 && y > 5)); // 1
    printf("(x > 5 || y > 5): %d\n", (x > 5 || y > 5)); // 1
    printf("!(x == 4): %d\n", !(x == 4));               // 0

    return 0;
}