Linux Fundamentals [working]

PART 1: BASICS

1.History of Linux Operating System and the Open Systems Standard

1.1 🕰️ History of Linux Operating System

1.2 🌐 The Open Source Project and OSI

1.3 📜 Open Source Licenses and Standards

1.4 🐧 Overview of Major Linux Distributions (Distros)

1.5 🏗️ Overview of the Different Linux OS Architecture

2.Installation Basics in Linux

2.1 🖥️ Designing the Disk Partitioning Scheme

2.2 💽 Ensuring /boot Conforms to Hardware Requirements

2.3 🔁 Concept of Swap Space

2.4 📦 Understanding LVM (Logical Volume Manager)

3.Booting the System in Linux

3.1 🔧 BIOS Boot Sequence

3.2 🚀 Linux Boot Events Overview

3.3 💻 Common Commands to the Boot Loader (GRUB)

3.4 ⚙️ Kernel Options at Boot Time

3.5 🔄 Init Systems: SysVinit, SystemD, Upstart

3.6 🔁 Changing Runlevels / Targets / Single User Mode

3.7 🔚 Reboot & Shutdown (with User Alerts)

4.The Linux Terminal / Command Line

4.1 🔓 Opening the Terminal

4.2 ⚙️ Terminal Settings

4.3 🔁 Common Terminal Commands

4.4 🎨 Customizing the Shell Prompt & Environment

4.5 ⚡ Creating Aliases

5.Determining Attached Hardware and Computer Peripherals

5.1 🧠 How Linux Detects Hardware

5.2 🛠️ Tools to List Hardware Info

5.3 🔌 Tools to Manipulate USB Devices

5.4 💽 Manually Mount and Unmount Filesystems

5.5 🔁 Automatically Mount Filesystems on Boot

6.Package Management

6.1 📁 The Linux File System Structure (Simplified)

6.2 📚 Managing Shared Libraries

6.3 📦 Debian Package Management

6.4 📦 RPM and YUM Package Management

6.5 🔗 Creating Symbolic and Hard Links

7.Package Management

7.1 📦 Common Archiving Tools

7.2 📂 Making Directories

7.3 📄 Copy, Move, Delete Files and Directories

7.4 🔍 Finding and Locating Files

8.Text Editors, Text Streams, Filters, and Redirection

8.1 🔤 Vi vs Vim

8.2 🔁 Output Redirection & GNU Text Utilities

8.3 🔗 Streams, Pipes, and Redirects

8.4 🔍 Search with Regular Expressions

9.File Permissions and Ownership in Linux

9.1 📄 Default File Permissions & umask

9.2 📜 Reading ls -l Output

9.3 🧮 Managing Permissions

9.4 ⚙️ Customizing File Creation Mask (umask)